What is Atherosclerotic Disease (ASD) and Endovascular Surgery?

Atherosclerotic disease (ASD) occurs when plaque builds up in the inner lining of the wall of the blood vessels causing a progressive narrowing (stricture) of the vessel. Plaque can be in the form of fatty materials, cholesterol, calcium and other substances. The narrowing of the blood vessel caused by plaque buildup can eventually limit blood flow to the brain and potentially lead to stroke. Plaque can also rupture and shower the brain with small cholesterol particles (emboli) causing a stroke.

While ASD can occur throughout the body, it is most common in the heart and vessels of the head and neck. Cerebrovascular Specialists of Florida are experts in addressing ASD when it occurs in the head and neck areas, and specifically:

• Carotid arteries - impacting higher brain functions

• Subclavian arteries -  impacting lower brain functions

• Vertebral arteries -  impacting lower brain functions

Risk Factor

Risk Factors commonly associated with ASD are genetics (family history), high cholesterol, obesity, smoking and diabetes.

Symptoms of ASD frequently include:

• Vision problems: Loss of sight or problems seeing in one eye or the other
• TIA (transient ischemic attacks): Temporary loss or weakness in the arms, legs or both, facial drooping, loss of speech and/or loss of cognitive function
• CVA (cerebrovascula accident): Permanent loss of the use of arms, legs, or both, facial drooping, loss of speech and/or cognitive function.

Treatment Options

There are two primary treatment options for ASD: Open invasive surgery and minimally invasive endovascular surgery. The ultimate goal for both types of surgery is to restore blood flow through the affected areas by opening and stabilizing the blocked blood vessels.

You have been recommended for endovascular surgery during which a stent will be inserted to strengthen and unblock impacted blood vessels. You will more than likely be given conscious (IV) sedation, which will allow you to be relaxed, but awake during the procedure. This will allow your surgeon perform a neurological exam during surgery if needed. You can expect to be discharged within one day, followed by 7 to 10 days of recovery at home. Most patients are up eating within 3 to 6 hours following surgery.